1.1 Collaborative Efforts to Address Trifecta Issues of Batteries

1.2 Technology Readiness Level

2.1 Lithium Sulfur Battery Already in the Demo Phase

2.2 Research Efforts Huge in All Continents

2.3 Material Producers Companies Mostly From Europe

2.4 Cell Manufacturer Segment Dominated by Start-Ups

2.5 Battery Assembler are from Various Continents

2.6 Lithium Air Battery Already in Laboratory Demo Stage

2.7 Priorities for R&D are to Proof the Battery is Technologically Viable

2.8 Start-ups Concentrated in the US

2.9 Efforts from Tier 1 Companies Mostly from Automotive OEM

2.10 Sodium-ion Battery has the Highest Number of Published Papers

2.11 R&D Dominated by Large Corporations

2.12 Major Efforts for R&D are From Chemical Producers

2.13 Sodium Air Still in Lab Testing Stage

2.14 Innovation Process Dominated by Academia

2.15 Very Few Companies Involved in the R&D

2.16 Aluminum-ion Battery Still in Its Infancy

2.17 Domination by Academia from NA and Asia

2.18 Academician are the Main R&D Force for Aluminum-ion Battery

2.19 Most Economical Battery among Batteries

2.20 Domination by Academician from NA and Asia

2.21 Very Few Stakeholders Involved in Aluminum Air Battery

3.1 Overview of Analytical Tools

3.2 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based Technology Roadmap

3.3 AHP Criteria Definitions–Level 0

3.4 AHP Level 0 Criteria–Priority Values

3.5 AHP Sub-Criteria Definition–Level 1

3.5 AHP Sub-Criteria Definition–Level 1(continued)

3.6 AHP Level 1 Sub-Criteria–Priority Values

3.7 Alternatives Comparison against Level 0 Criteria

3.8 Alternatives Comparison against Level 1 Criteria

3.9 Alternatives Comparison against Level 1 Criteria

3.10 Alternatives Comparison against Level 1 Criteria

3.11 AHP–Final Priority Values

3.12 Sodium-ion Battery Has the Highest Impact among All Alternatives

3.13 Air-based Batteries are Still Far from Commercialization

3.14 Visibility Analysis

3.15 Hype Period Starts Between 2013 To 2015

3.16 Asia Dominating the Patent Filings

3.17 US-based Patents Received High Forward Citation

3.18 Lithium Air Has the Highest Patent Annual Growth

3.19 Patents that Received High Forward Citation (Mostly Filed in 2011)

3.20 China Patent Office Dominates Patent Filings

3.21 Medium- to Low-impact of Patents for Sodium-ion Battery

3.22 No Patent Filed in Europe

3.23 Low- to Medium-impact Patents for Sodium Air Battery

3.24 University Cornell Pioneer in Patent Filings for Aluminum-ion Battery

3.25 Only 1 Forward Citation Received

3.26 Companies Dominate Patent Filings

3.27 Only Medium and Low Impact for Key Patents

3.28 Material Science is the Main Pillar for Advanced Batteries

4.1 Industry Contacts

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