Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment on the US Zero-Emission Battery Electric Truck Industry Updated Research Available Updated Research Available Updated Research Available Updated Research Available

Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow?

The Strategic Imperative 8™

The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the US Battery Electric Truck Industry

Growth Opportunities Fuel the Growth Pipeline Engine™

Scope of Study: Total Life Cycle CO2 Emission Assessment of a Battery Electric Truck

Research Scope

Powertrain Technology Segmentation

Growth Drivers

Growth Restraints

Life Cycle CO2 Assessment: Study Flow and Forecast Assumptions

Battery Manufacturing Process: Overview of EV Li-ion Battery

Battery Manufacturing Process: Major Process Steps

Mining and Extraction: Lithium

Mining and Extraction: Cobalt

Mining and Extraction: Nickel

Mining and Extraction: Graphite

Refining and Upgrade: Major Countries and Producers

Active Material Production and Cell Assembly: Process and Energy Demand

Battery Production Plants: Gigafactory Locations and Capacities

Battery Manufacturing Process: Coal-based Electricity, Global Snapshot

CO2 Emissions in Battery Manufacturing Process: Key Impact Factors

CO2 Emissions in Battery Manufacturing Process: Impact on Forecast

CO2 Emissions in the Battery Manufacturing Process

BEV Usage: Use Case and Forecast Assumptions

California: Electricity Generation by Source and CO2 Impact

Texas: Electricity Generation by Source and CO2 Impact

Southwest: Electricity Generation by Source and CO2 Impact

California: Electricity Generation Forecast, Base, Best, and Worst-case Scenarios

Texas: Electricity Generation Forecast, Base, Best, and Worst-case Scenarios

Southwest: Electricity Generation Forecast, Base, Best, and Worst-case Scenarios

LDT: Operational Characteristics and User Cycle Overview

LDT: Cycle A Charging Snapshot

LDT: Cycle A First-life CO2 Emissions

LDT: Cycle D Charging Snapshot

LDT: Cycle D First-life CO2 Emissions

LDT: Cycle H Charging Snapshot

LDT: Cycle H First-life CO2 Emissions

LDT: Cycle A–H Total CO2 Emissions in First Life

MDT: Operational Characteristics and User Cycle Overview

MDT: Cycle A Charging Snapshot

MDT: Cycle A First-life CO2 Emissions

MDT: Cycle D Charging Snapshot

MDT: Cycle D First-life CO2 Emissions

MDT: Cycle H Charging Snapshot

MDT: Cycle H First-life CO2 Emissions

MDT: Cycle A–H Total CO2 Emissions in First Life

HDT: Operational Characteristics and User Cycle Overview

HDT: Cycle A Charging Snapshot

HDT: Cycle A First-life CO2 Emissions

HDT: Cycle D Charging Snapshot

HDT: Cycle D First-life CO2 Emissions

HDT: Cycle H Charging Snapshot

HDT: Cycle H First-life CO2 Emissions

HDT: Cycle A–H Total CO2 Emissions in First Life

Total Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment: LDT—Diesel vs BEV

Total Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment: Break-even Point—LDT

Total Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment: MDT—Diesel vs BEV

Total Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment: Break-even Point—MDT

Total Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment: HDT—Diesel vs BEV

Total Life Cycle CO2 Emissions Assessment: Break-even Point—HDT

Growth Opportunity 1: CO2 Emissions Tracking to Open New Revenue Streams

Growth Opportunity 1: CO2 Emissions Tracking to Open New Revenue Streams (continued)

Growth Opportunity 2: Improved Battery Design and Processes

Growth Opportunity 2: Improved Battery Design and Processes (continued)

Growth Opportunity 3: Truck OEMs to Be Mindful of Geopolitical Constraints and Vertically Integrate within Geographical Boundaries

Growth Opportunity 3: Truck OEMs to Be Mindful of Geopolitical Constraints and Vertically Integrate within Geographical Boundaries (continued)

Your Next Steps

Why Frost, Why Now?

List of Exhibits

List of Exhibits (continued)

List of Exhibits (continued)

List of Exhibits (continued)

Legal Disclaimer